ILLUSTRATIONS |
|
1-1. |
Pressure, temperature, and volume relationship in a cylinder, A and B |
6 |
1-1 |
Pressure, temperature, and volume relationship in a cylinder, C and D |
7 |
1-2. |
Pressure-volume diagrams |
8 |
1-3. |
The 4-stroke diesel cycle |
12 |
1-4. |
The 2-stroke diesel cycle |
13 |
1-5. |
Single-acting diesel principle |
14 |
1-6. |
Double-acting diesel principle |
15 |
1-7. |
Opposed piston principle |
16 |
1-8. |
Opposed piston cycle, 1 and 2 |
16 |
1-8. |
Opposed piston cycle, 3-6 |
17 |
1-9. |
GM 16-278A, outboard side, control end, right-hand engine |
18 |
1-10. |
GM 16-278A, inboard side, blower end, right-hand engine |
18 |
1-11. |
F-M 10-cylinder 38D 8 1/8, outboard side, blower end, left-hand engine |
19 |
1-12. |
F-M 10-cylinder 38D 8 1/8, inboard side, control end, right-hand engine |
19 |
1-13. |
Lower crank lead |
20 |
1-14. |
Cutaway of fleet type submarine showing engine installations |
20 |
2-1. |
Common ruler, machinist's ruler, and steel tape |
25 |
2-2. |
Types of calipers and methods of measurement |
26 |
2-3. |
Micrometer |
26 |
2-4. |
Feeler gage |
27 |
2-5. |
Using bridge gage and feeler gage to determine clearance |
27 |
2-6. |
Fahrenheit and centigrade thermometers |
28 |
2-7. |
Method of graduating thermometers |
29 |
2-8. |
Electrical resistance thermometer dial and bulb |
29 |
2-9. |
Thermocouple pyrometer and thermocouple unit |
30 |
2-10. |
Mercury and aneroid barometers |
31 |
2-11. |
Simplex tube type pressure gage and dial |
32 |
2-12. |
Mechanical revolution counter |
32 |
2-13. |
Mechanical tachometer |
33 |
2-14. |
Electrical tachometer |
33 |
3-1. |
Nomenclature of crankshaft parts |
36 |
3-2. |
Sections of crankshaft showing oil passages and hollow construction |
36 |
3-3. |
Main bearing shells |
37 |
3-4. |
Connecting rod bearing shells |
39 |
3-5. |
Valve actuating gear assembly |
39 |
3-6. |
Longitudinal cutaway of GM 16-278A engine |
40 |
3-7. |
Cross section of GM 16-278A engine |
41 |
3-8. |
Section of cylinder block, GM |
42 |
3-9. |
Crankcase handhole covers, GM |
42 |
|
vi
|
3-10. |
Injector control shaft and air box handhole covers, GM |
42 |
3-11. |
Cross section of cylinder liner, GM |
43 |
3-12. |
Cylinder head, GM |
44 |
3-13. |
Cylinder head cross section through exhaust valves, GM |
45 |
3-14. |
Cylinder head cross section through injector, GM |
45 |
3-15. |
Crankshaft for GM engine |
46 |
3-16. |
Main bearing cap installed, GM |
47 |
3-17. |
Main bearing shells, GM |
48 |
3-18. |
Cutaway of piston, GM |
49 |
3-19. |
Piston rings, GM |
49 |
3-20. |
Cross section of piston showing cooling and lubrication, GM |
50 |
3-21. |
Piston and connecting rod disassembled, GM |
50 |
3-22. |
Connecting rod, GM 16-248 |
51 |
3-23. |
Connecting rod oil passages, GM 16-278A |
51 |
3-24. |
Connecting rod bearing shells, GM |
51 |
3-25. |
Camshaft, GM |
52 |
3-26. |
Cross section of cylinder head through injector, GM |
53 |
3-27. |
Cross section of cylinder head through exhaust valves, GM |
54 |
3-28. |
Cylinder test valve, GM |
55 |
3-29. |
Cylinder relief or safety valve, GM |
56 |
3-30. |
Camshaft drive gears, GM |
57 |
3-31. |
Camshaft drive assembly, GM |
58 |
3-32. |
Camshaft drive lubrication, GM |
58 |
3-33. |
Accessory drive assembly with cover, GM |
59 |
3-34. |
Cross section of F-M 38D 8 1/8 engine |
60 |
3-35. |
Cylinder block, F-M |
61 |
3-36. |
Vertical drive compartment spring-loaded access plate, F-M |
61 |
3-37. |
Inspection covers, F-M |
61 |
3-38. |
Cylinder liner, F-M |
62 |
3-39. |
Upper and lower crankshafts, F-M |
64 |
3-40. |
Upper crankshaft thrust bearing, F-M |
64 |
3-41. |
Lower crankshaft thrust bearing, F-M |
65 |
3-42. |
Torsional damper, F-M |
66 |
3-43. |
Pistons, F-M |
67 |
3-44. |
Piston rings, F-M |
68 |
3-45. |
Needle roller type piston pin assembly, F-M |
68 |
3-46. |
Connecting rod with needle roller type piston pin bearing, F-M |
69 |
3-47. |
Connecting rod and piston assembly, F-M |
69 |
3-48. |
Assembled view of crankshaft vertical drive on 10-cylinder F-M engine |
70 |
3-49. |
Assembled view of crankshaft vertical drive on 9-cylinder F-M engine |
72 |
|
vii
|
3-50. |
Flexible drive with housing cover removed, F-M |
73 |
3-51. |
Camshaft cross section showing control end of both camshafts, F-M |
73 |
3-52. |
Camshaft lubrication, F-M |
74 |
3-53. |
Timing chain, F-M |
74 |
3-54. |
Timing chain details, F-M |
75 |
3-55. |
Timing chain link, F-M |
75 |
3-56. |
Cylinder relief valve, F-M |
76 |
3-57. |
Cylinder relief valve and adapter, F-M |
76 |
3-58. |
Indicator valve, F-M |
76 |
4-1. |
Typical starting air piping system |
81 |
4-2. |
Grove regulator valve |
82 |
4-3. |
Engine starting control levers, GM |
83 |
4-4. |
Control shaft lever, F-M |
84 |
4-5. |
GM engine air starting system |
85 |
4-6. |
Air starting distributor valve, GM |
86 |
4-7. |
Air starting check valve, GM |
86 |
4-8. |
F-M engine air starting system |
88 |
4-9. |
Air starting control valve, F-M |
89 |
4-10. |
Cross section of air starting distributor, F-M |
89 |
4-11. |
F-M air starting distributor, pilot valve in normal position out of contact with distributor cam |
90 |
4-12. |
F-M air starting distributor, pilot valve on low point of cam |
90 |
4-13. |
Cutaway of air starting distributor, F-M |
90 |
4-14. |
Cutaway of air starting check valve, F-M |
90 |
4-15. |
Cross section of installed air starting check valve, F-M |
91 |
5-1. |
Typical installation of ship's fuel oil and compensating water systems |
96 |
5-2. |
Four-valve manifold |
97 |
5-3. |
Schematic diagram of liquidometer |
99 |
5-4. |
Fuel oil supply from ship's fuel system to engine fuel system in one engine room |
101 |
5-5. |
Fuel oil transfer and purifier pump |
102 |
5-6. |
Attached fuel oil supply pump F-M |
102 |
5-7. |
Exploded view of attached fuel oil supply pump, F-M |
103 |
5-8. |
Exploded view of attached fuel oil supply pump, GM |
103 |
5-9. |
Fuel oil filter |
104 |
5-10. |
Isometric view of fuel injection system, GM |
108 |
5-11. |
Relative arrangement of parts, spherical check valve type unit injector, GM |
109 |
5-12. |
Unit injector plunger and bushing, GM |
110 |
5-13. |
Cross sections of needle valve and spherical check valve type unit injectors, GM |
111 |
5-14. |
Plunger position at no injection, idling, half load, and full load |
111 |
5-15. |
Fuel oil supply system, F-M |
112 |
|
viii
|
5-16. |
Isometric view of fuel injection system, F-M |
113 |
5-17. |
Arrangement of injection nozzles in F-M cylinder |
114 |
5-18. |
Cross section of fuel injection pump, F-M |
115 |
5-19. |
Cutaway of fuel injection pump, F-M |
116 |
5-20. |
Fuel injection pump parts, F-M |
116 |
5-21. |
Details of injection pump plunger and barrel, F-M |
117 |
5-22. |
Cross section through control rack, F-M |
117 |
5-23. |
Position of F-M fuel injection pump plunger at no injection, idling, half load, and full load |
117 |
5-24. |
Cutaway of injection nozzle, F-M |
118 |
6-1. |
Port direct scavenging |
120 |
6-2. |
Port loop scavenging |
120 |
6-3. |
Valve uniflow scavenging |
120 |
6-4. |
Cross section of F-M cylinder with uniflow port scavenging |
120 |
6-5. |
Typical exhaust system piping |
122 |
6-6. |
GM cylinder intake and exhaust |
123 |
6-7. |
Cutaway of blower assembly, GM |
124 |
6-8. |
Front view of blower, GM |
124 |
6-9. |
Air silencer |
125 |
6-10. |
Cutaway of typical air silencer |
125 |
6-11. |
Cross section through F-M scavenging air blower |
127 |
6-12. |
Blower impellers and timing gears, F-M |
127 |
6-13. |
Blower assembly, timing gear end, F-M |
127 |
7-1. |
Visgage |
132 |
7-2. |
Section of viscosity blending chart |
133 |
7-3. |
Formation of bearing oil film |
135 |
7-4. |
General arrangement of lubricating oil tanks |
137 |
7-5. |
Typical lubricating oil flushing and filling system |
139 |
7-6. |
Typical main engine lubricating oil purifying system in one engine room |
141 |
7-7. |
Cutaway of latest type Harrison heat exchanger |
143 |
7-8. |
Cutaway of older type Harrison heat exchanger showing internal construction |
143 |
7-9. |
Edge disk type oil strainer |
144 |
7-10. |
Cutaway of edge-wound metal ribbon type oil strainer |
145 |
7-11. |
Absorption type filter |
146 |
7-12. |
Cross section of Sharples purifier |
147 |
7-13. |
Lubricating oil system, GM |
149 |
7-14. |
Engine lubricating system, GM |
150 |
7-15. |
Crankshaft oil passages, GM |
150 |
7-16. |
Piston and piston pin lubrication and cooling, GM |
150 |
7-17. |
Camshaft drive lubrication, GM |
151 |
|
ix
|
7-18. |
Attached lubricating oil pump, GM |
152 |
7-19. |
Lubricating system, F-M |
154 |
7-20. |
Engine lubricating oil circulation, F-M |
154 |
7-21. |
Sectional views of F-M piston showing oil passages |
155 |
7-22. |
Thrust bearing oil passages, F-M |
155 |
7-23. |
Piston assembly oil passages, F-M |
156 |
7-24. |
Oil supply to camshafts, F-M |
156 |
7-25. |
Camshaft and camshaft bearing lubrication, F-M |
156 |
7-26. |
Drive end of attached lubricating oil pump, F-M |
157 |
7-27. |
Gear end of attached lubricating oil pump, F-M |
157 |
8-1. |
Typical fresh and salt water cooling systems |
162 |
8-2. |
Salt water cooling system in superstructure |
163 |
8-3. |
Salt water corrosion of zincs |
164 |
8-4. |
Fulton-Sylphon temperature regulator |
165 |
8-5. |
Thermostatic control unit |
166 |
8-6. |
Temperature control element |
166 |
8-7. |
Method of adjusting automatic temperature regulators |
167 |
8-8. |
Cutaway of thermal bulb |
167 |
8-9. |
Temperature regulator bulb |
166 |
8-10. |
Fresh water system, F-M |
168 |
8-11. |
Salt water system, F-M |
169 |
8-12. |
Fresh water passage through F-M cylinder |
170 |
8-13. |
Cross section of F-M circulating water pump |
171 |
8-14. |
Cross section of GM cylinder liner showing cooling passages |
172 |
8-15. |
Fresh water system, GM 16-278A |
172 |
8-16. |
Salt water system, GM 16-278A |
172 |
8-17. |
Cross section of circulating water pump, GM |
173 |
9-1. |
Pressure-time diagram of combustion process |
175 |
9-2. |
Heat balance for a diesel engine |
176 |
9-3. |
Compression ratio |
177 |
9-4. |
Temperature-entropy diagram of modified diesel cycle |
177 |
9-5. |
Principle of engine indicator |
188 |
9-6. |
Premax pressure indicator |
188 |
9-7. |
Kiene pressure indicator |
188 |
10-1. |
Woodward regulating governor installed |
191 |
10-2. |
Schematic diagram of Woodward regulating governor |
192 |
10-3. |
Governor cross section-normal speed, steady load |
193 |
10-4. |
Governor cross section-increased speed, decreased load |
194 |
10-5. |
Governor cross section-normal speed, decreased load |
196 |
10-6. |
Governor cross section-normal speed, new load |
197 |
|
x
|
10-7. |
Governor cross section-decreased speed, increased load |
199 |
10-8. |
Governor cross section-normal speed, increased load |
200 |
10-9. |
Governor cross section-normal speed, new load |
201 |
10-10. |
Governor-sections through adapter, power case, power cylinder, and rotating sleeve assembly |
202 |
10-11. |
Governor-section through speed control column |
203 |
10-12. |
Governor-section through accumulator cylinder |
204 |
10-13. |
Governor-rotating sleeve assembly |
205 |
10-14. |
Governor-speed control mechanism |
206 |
10-15. |
Governor-measurement of precompression |
208 |
10-16. |
Governor-adjustment of compensating spring length |
208 |
10-17. |
Governor control cabinet |
209 |
10-18. |
F-M governor drive |
210 |
10-19. |
Governor and tachometer drive, GM |
211 |
10-20. |
GM hydraulic type overspeed governor |
212 |
10-21. |
GM overspeed shutdown Servo motor |
213 |
10-22. |
F-M overspeed governor and emergency stop mechanism |
214 |
10-23. |
F-M control shaft and control mechanism |
215 |
11-1. |
Elastic coupling cross section, GM |
221 |
11-2. |
Crankshaft coupling, F-M |
222 |
11-3. |
Position of crankshaft for strain gage readings |
223 |
11-4. |
Measuring crank check deflection with a strain gage |
223 |
11-5. |
Using hydraulic jack to adjust height of generator body for proper vertical alignment |
224 |
11-6. |
Using portable block and jack screw to adjust generator body for proper lateral alignment |
225 |
11-7. |
Measuring generator thrust bearing clearances |
225 |
11-8. |
Adjusting generator for proper thrust clearance using portable block and jack screw |
225 |
11-9. |
Measuring crankshaft thrust bearing clearance toward control end of F-M engine |
225 |
11-10. |
Measuring crankshaft thrust bearing clearance toward generator end of F-M engine |
226 |
11-11. |
Elastic coupling, outer driving disk removed, GM |
228 |
11-12. |
Elastic coupling, inner spring holder removed, GM |
228 |
11-13. |
Elastic coupling, outer driving disk mounted, GM |
228 |
11-14. |
Elastic coupling, outer driving disk mounted on generator, GM |
228 |
12-1. |
Blower end control side of GM 8-268 auxiliary engine |
231 |
12-2. |
Blower end exhaust header side of GM 8-268 auxiliary engine |
231 |
12-3. |
Longitudinal cross section of GM 8-268 auxiliary engine |
232 |
12-4. |
Transverse cross section of GM 8-268 auxiliary engine |
233 |
12-5. |
Cutaway of frame, GM 8-268 |
234 |
12-6. |
Lubrication of main bearings, GM 8-268 |
234 |
12-7. |
Cross section of piston, GM 8-268 |
235 |
|
xi
|
12-8. |
GM 8-268 cylinder liner cross section showing cooling water passages |
236 |
12-9. |
Cross section of camshaft, GM 8-268 |
238 |
12-10. |
Cross section of Northern fuel oil pump used on GM 8-268 engine |
240 |
12-11. |
Cutaway view of GM 8-268 lubricating oil pump |
241 |
12-12. |
Lubricating oil suction strainer, GM 8-268 |
242 |
12-13. |
Cutaway of lubricating oil cooler, GM 8-268 |
242 |
12-14. |
Salt water cooling system, GM 8-268 and 8-268A |
242 |
12-15. |
Fresh water cooling system, GM 8-268 and 8-268A |
242 |
12-16. |
GM 8-268 water pump disassembled |
244 |
12-17. |
Cutaway of fresh water cooler, GM 8-268 |
245 |
12-18. |
Control side of 7-cylinder F-M auxiliary engine |
246 |
12-19. |
Longitudinal cross section of 7-cylinder F-M auxiliary engine |
247 |
12-20. |
Transverse cross section of 7-cylinder F-M auxiliary engine |
248 |
12-21. |
Engine controls, end view, F-M auxiliary engine |
252 |
12-22. |
Fuel oil piping, F-M auxiliary engine |
254 |
12-23. |
Lubricating oil piping, F-M auxiliary engine |
257 |
13-1. |
Reduction gear, top case removed |
261 |
13-2. |
Sectional views of reduction gear |
262 |
13-3. |
Schematic diagram of port main motor and reduction gear lubricating oil system |
266 |
13-4. |
Cross section of reduction gear thrust bearing |
267 |
|
xii
|